Falls can happen for many different reasons, but they are not an inevitable part of aging. Understanding common risk factors and taking steps to improve strength, balance and safety at home can help older adults stay active and independent.
To share some practical advice on fall prevention, we spoke with Dante Disipio, Director of Therapy at VNA of Florida, about common causes of falls, simple ways to make the home safer and how physical therapy can help.
“One of the strongest predictors of a fall is having a history of a previous fall. Falls also commonly happen in areas like the bedroom and bathroom, especially at night.
There are several factors that can increase someone's risk of falling, including not using an assistive device correctly or not using one when needed, environmental hazards such as poor lighting, throw rugs, slick floors and carpet edges, as well as pets or pet toys in walking paths.
Improper footwear, muscle weakness, unsteadiness while walking or standing, dizziness and low blood pressure can also contribute to falls. Being aware of these risk factors is an important first step in preventing them.”
“Start by looking at the environment around you. Make sure frequently used pathways are well lit, especially the path between the bedroom and bathroom for anyone who gets up during the night.
It's also important to slow down when changing positions. If you've been sitting or lyin
g down for an extended period, take a few seconds after standing before you start walking. Stay near your chair or bed until you feel steady and give your body and blood pressure a chance to adjust.
If you have been prescribed an assistive device, use it consistently. Just because you're only walking a few steps doesn't mean you should leave your walker or cane behind. Holding onto the back of a couch or other furniture isn't a replacement for using your device properly.
Take time to remove potential hazards from walking areas and be mindful of where pets and their toys are located. Footwear is important, too. Closed-toe shoes that securely cover the heel and provide good traction are generally a better choice for stability.
Most importantly, stay active. Regular movement and exercise are some of the best things you can do to maintain strength and mobility. Participating in household activities, taking walks around the neighborhood or doing safe exercises such as chair yoga or Pilates can all help keep you moving.”
“Physical therapy can play an important role in improving strength, balance, mobility and confidence while helping reduce fall risk.
A physical therapist starts with a comprehensive evaluation to identify individual risk factors. We look at things like muscle weakness, balance and walking difficulties, endurance and how someone manages everyday activities.
From there, we can develop a personalized exercise program based on the individual's needs and goals. Treatment may include strengthening exercises, balance and coordination activities, walking and mobility training, and functional exercises that replicate everyday movements, such as getting up from a chair.
Just as importantly, physical therapy gives patients a safe environment to practice these skills. As they become stronger and more comfortable with movement, we can gradually increase the difficulty of exercises while providing guidance and support.
The goal isn't just to improve physical abilities. It's also to help people feel safer and more confident doing the things that are important to them in their everyday lives.”
“Don't wait for a fall to happen before taking action. If you're concerned about falling, talk with your healthcare provider or a physical therapist about those concerns.
A simple assessment can help identify areas that may be increasing your risk and provide strategies and exercises to address them. Taking action early can help you stay active, independent and confident in the activities you enjoy."
Fall prevention starts with awareness, but small changes can make a meaningful difference. Staying active, addressing potential hazards at home and talking with a healthcare professional about concerns with balance or mobility can all be part of a proactive approach.
At VNA of Florida, our therapy team works with patients to help improve strength, mobility, balance and independence in the home.
If you or a loved one has concerns about falling, talk with your healthcare provider about whether physical therapy may be right for you.